Art 151 Basic Glaze Technology (2024)

GLAZE

Glaze is a liquid suspension of finely ground minerals, that after being applied to the bisque ware and heated to the proper temperature, melt to form a glassy coating on the clay surface.

GLAZE CLASSIFICATION

Glazes are classified according to the following criteria:

1. Composition- i.e. Lead, Feldspathic, Saturated Iron, etc.

2. Surface texture- i.e. glossy, mat, crackle

3. Interior- i.e. transparent, translucent, opaque

4. Temperature- i.e. high, low, mid-range

5. Body- i.e. porcelain, stoneware, earthenware

GLAZE COMPONENTS

All standard ceramic glazes contain the following components:

1. Glass former- silica (SiO2), melting point 3119 degrees Fahrenheit
(RO2)

2. Flux- lowers the melting point of silica; provides the greatvariety of surfaces in ceramic glazes. The common fluxes are:sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, magnesium, zinc, lithium, and lead. (RO)

3. Stabilizer- alumina, keeps the glaze on a vertical surface; stiffens the melt. (R2O3)

TWO MATERIALS

These two materials play a key role in ceramics:

Kaolin- Al2O3 :2SiO2:2H2O, melting point 3164-3245 deg. F.

Feldspar- K2O :Al2O3:6SiO2, melting point 2228 degrees F.

A TYPICAL STONEWARE GLAZE

HT Celadon, Cone 10

Silica20 (glass former)

Potassium Feldspar 30 (glass former, flux, stabilizer)

Kaolin20 (glass former, stabilizer)

Whiting30 (flux)

100

+ 2% Red Iron Oxide(color)

COLOR IN GLAZES

Color in glazes is most commonly attained by the addition of small amounts (10 % or less) of metallic oxides. An oxide is a chemical combination of any element with oxygen.

COMMON COLORING OXIDES (colors listed are for Cone 10 reduction firing)

Iron Oxide (FeO)-greens and browns

Cobalt Oxide (CoO)-blues and violets

Copper Oxide (CuO)-greens and reds

Chrome Oxide (Cr2O3)-greens

Manganese Dioxide (MnO2)-browns and purples

Nickel Oxide (NiO)-gray, green and brown tints

Rutile (TiO2 & FeO)-tan, brown and blue/gold

SOME COMMON GLAZE FLAWS

Crazing-fine network of cracks in the glaze surface. Called crackle if desired. Caused by the presence of high expansion oxides in theglaze and the resulting excessive shrinkage of the fired glaze (glaze istoo small for the surface it is covering).

Shivering-opposite of crazing. Small slivers of glaze pop off the fired form. Caused by the lack of shrinkage of the fired glaze (the glaze is too big for the surface it is covering).

Crawling-the glaze pulls itself apart, leaving bare spots of clay on thefired surface. Can be caused by dirty bisque or excessive shrinkage of the raw glaze.

Pitting/Pinholing-small pits and/or pinholes in the fired glaze surface. Canbe caused by the surface of the clay, the composition of the glaze, the firing cycle or a combination of the three.

Art 151 Basic Glaze Technology (2024)

FAQs

Art 151 Basic Glaze Technology? ›

Glaze

Glaze
Glazing renders earthenware impermeable to water, sealing the inherent porosity of earthenware. It also gives a tougher surface. Glaze is also used on stoneware and porcelain. In addition to their functionality, glazes can form a variety of surface finishes, including degrees of glossy or matte finish and color.
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Ceramic_glaze
is a liquid suspension of finely ground minerals, that after being applied to the bisque ware and heated to the proper temperature, melt to form a glassy coating on the clay surface.

What are the drawbacks of salt glazing? ›

The chief drawback to using salt is the liberation- of chlorine gas, which accompanies the breakdown of sodium chloride at high temperatures. Water vapor, in the form of highly visible fog, is another drawback, especially where it may be mistaken for smoke from any uncontrolled fire.

What is the difference between glaze and underglaze? ›

A glaze is a paint composed by a bunch of chemicals that, when added to a bisqued piece, it will make that glass shiny cover. An underglaze is a paint composed by a bunch of chemicals that you can add to greenware or bisqued pieces to add color but it will not add the glass part.

What is glaze technology? ›

Intro to Glaze Technology. What is Glaze? Glaze is a form of Glass which becomes fused to the ceramic surface during firing. Glaze can be shiny or matt, opaque or transparent, smooth or textured, or stained with a whole range of colours to make earthy, subtle, or vibrant effects.

What is art glaze made of? ›

A BASE GLAZE is a mixture of these three basic groups: SILICA, FLUX AND ALUMINA. to a base glaze. NOTE: All three categories of essential glaze ingredients are present.

Why is salt glaze illegal? ›

Due to concerns of significant amount of air pollution resulting from the process environmental clean air restrictions led to the demise of widespread use of salt glazing.

How can you tell if pottery is salt glazed? ›

Salt-glazing is characterized by a pitted glossy surface with a distinctive "orange peel" texture.

Do you fire underglaze before glazing? ›

Underglaze is a method of decorating pottery in which painted decoration is applied to the surface before it is covered with a transparent ceramic glaze and fired in a kiln.

What happens if you put underglaze on top of glaze? ›

Since the glaze fluxes and moves at this higher temperature, the underglaze melts into the surface, and moves with the glaze.

Is it better to put underglaze on greenware or bisque? ›

Applying the underglaze to greenware enables you to see what the design will look like when finished, which makes it easier for you to make adjustments to the final design . You can use a much wider selection of colors with greenware than you can with bisque ware.

Why do you not glaze the bottom of your bisque clay piece? ›

If you get glaze on the bottom of your pots and fire them they will stick to the kiln shelf. This would result in a lot of damage to your shelf and will ruin the pot you just spent a lot of time making. Kiln wash helps when your glaze runs down the side and overflows onto the shelf.

What is borax in glaze? ›

Borates in glazes. and enamels. In glazes, boric oxide reduces melting temperature and improves glaze/body t. It enhances glaze appearance and can improve chemical and mechanical durability. Sodium borate is used to produce low viscosity frits for enamelling of metals, principally steel, cast iron, and aluminium.

What does flux do in glaze? ›

Fluxes are substances, usually oxides, used in glasses, glazes and ceramic bodies to lower the high melting point of the main glass forming constituents, usually silica and alumina. A ceramic flux functions by promoting partial or complete liquefaction.

Can I use floetrol as glaze? ›

Discovering the Floetrol Secret

I use Floetrol. Believe it works just a good as glaze. All you have to do is mix 4 parts floetrol to one part paint. If you want it to have even more open time add some extender.

How do you use art glaze? ›

Mix the glazing medium with your paint to create a transparent layer. Then, apply the glaze over your base layer, using smooth brushstrokes to spread the paint evenly. You can build up multiple layers of glaze for even more depth and richness. Remember to let each layer dry completely before applying the next.

Can you mix paint and glaze together? ›

In a 4 part glaze to 1 part paint ratio, mix together Clear Glaze with the paint color of your choice in a separate container (in this case we chose Tropical co*cktail). Blend well with a stir stick until the color is consistent throughout your mixture.

What are the cons of salting? ›

Road salt can negatively impact the environment
  • Damage plant foliage.
  • Inhibit plants' nutrient intake.
  • Kill certain plants.
  • Cause salt-resistant species to proliferate, which diminishes plant diversity and further disrupts ecosystems.

What are the disadvantages of salt? ›

Most of the sodium in our diet comes from salt that has been added to the food we eat. Most Americans consume more than twice the recommended daily amount of salt. Too much salt increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. Decreasing sodium intake could prevent many deaths.

What are the defects in glazing? ›

Glaze defects adversely affect the quality of sanitaryware pieces and occur in form of pinholes, crawling or crazing. Pinholes are caused by the migration of gas from the body, which is either trapped by the glaze or released at a later stage during the firing process leaving the glaze insufficient time to heal.

What are the problems with glaze fit? ›

Some faults, including crazing, cracking, and shivering, are caused simply because the glaze does not fit the clay body used. It is important to understand how to modify the glaze in order to make it fit. Other problems such as pinholes and blisters may be caused either by under- or over-firing.

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